Myocardial infarction - causes, symptoms, first aid and treatment

Medical care for myocardial infarction is aimed primarily at preserving the patient’s life. Then doctors try to limit the affected area and prevent the occurrence of heart failure. The following treatment phases are distinguished:

1. Urgent actions. Includes diagnosis and pain management.
2. Early help. Initiation of reperfusion therapy, treatment of shock, arrhythmias, acute heart failure.
3. Prevention of future complications.
4. Risk assessment and control over the progress of existing pathologies.

If the course of events is favorable, the patient is admitted to the hospital already at the stage of emergency measures.

What hospital procedures are performed on a patient with MI?

(Patients with cholesterol levels less than 4.5 mmol/l are prescribed according to the decision of the attending physician).

Additionally, medications are prescribed for a heart attack in the hospital. But only if the patient’s condition requires this.

These are the following medical products:

• narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics (for severe pain);
• ACE inhibitors (treatment of arterial hypertension);
• diuretics (for acute left ventricular failure, pulmonary edema);
• antiarrhythmic drugs (for blockades and tachyarrhythmias);
• long-term oral anticoagulants (in the presence of blood clots in the cavity of the left ventricle).

Myocardial infarction treatment in hospital how many days

Medical care for myocardial infarction is aimed primarily at preserving the patient’s life. Then doctors try to limit the affected area and prevent the occurrence of heart failure. The following treatment phases are distinguished:

1. Urgent actions. Includes diagnosis and pain management.
2. Early help. Initiation of reperfusion therapy, treatment of shock, arrhythmias, acute heart failure.
3. Prevention of future complications.
4. Risk assessment and control over the progress of existing pathologies.

If the course of events is favorable, the patient is admitted to the hospital already at the stage of emergency measures.

What hospital procedures are performed on a patient with MI?

Type of procedure Essence of manipulation Expected result

(Patients with cholesterol levels less than 4.5 mmol/l are prescribed according to the decision of the attending physician).

Additionally, medications are prescribed for a heart attack in the hospital. But only if the patient’s condition requires this.

These are the following medical products:

• narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics (for severe pain);
• ACE inhibitors (treatment of arterial hypertension);
• diuretics (for acute left ventricular failure, pulmonary edema);
• antiarrhythmic drugs (for blockades and tachyarrhythmias);
• long-term oral anticoagulants (in the presence of blood clots in the cavity of the left ventricle).

How many days do you need to stay in the hospital after a heart attack?

After the most severe manifestation of cardiac ischemia – myocardial infarction – the body needs time to recover. The patient is placed in a hospital, where doctors provide full control over his health. How long this will take depends on the severity of the pathology, the prescribed treatment methods and possible complications accompanying the heart attack.

General rules

Serious cardiac pathologies with subsequent complications in the form of a heart attack require hospitalization and long-term treatment under constant medical supervision. For the first three days, the patient is in intensive care, then he is transferred to the cardiology department and given time to recover. The course of therapy for people who have had a heart attack is divided into two stages:

1. Spicy . Lasts up to two weeks from the moment the attack first appears. Involves intensive therapy: bed rest, monitoring the current condition using equipment.
2. Subacute – from 3 to 4 weeks . The patient is in the hospital, where doctors are trying to improve his health and prevent complications from developing.

No one can keep a patient in the clinic by force. He has the right to leave the walls of the hospital on his own as soon as he feels better, but then the doctors will relieve themselves of responsibility for his life. Rapid discharge is fraught with serious consequences, for example, the development of thromboembolism, CHF, and aneurysms. Supervision by qualified professionals reduces risks.

Staying in hospital is the basis for subsequent recovery at home: receiving advice on the upcoming regimen and providing timely assistance in case of complications.

Time frame for a patient in intensive care

Patients with an acute attack of myocardial infarction immediately after the pain syndrome receive medical care in the intensive care unit (ICU). Urgent medical measures are carried out there.

At this stage, doctors strive to maintain optimal oxygen supply to the myocardium and maintain its viability.

The patient is given rest, painkillers, sleeping pills and drugs to lower the pulse are prescribed.

The duration of the course of therapy depends on the patient’s condition and the success of his recovery. There are no exact dates, but the standard duration of stay in intensive care is three days, if there are no consequences and the person is conscious and has not fallen into a coma.

While the patient is under the care of resuscitators, he must undergo the following types of surgical intervention:

• cardiac catheterization (examination of the coronary artery);
• angioplasty (dilation or narrowing of damaged blood vessels);
• CABG – coronary artery bypass grafting (restoration of blood flow).

In addition, the patient is administered drugs that eliminate blood clots. All procedures usually take 3-7 days. The hospital stage ends in the cardiology department. Modern medicine speeds up the healing process.

How long does a patient with a heart attack stay in the hospital?

The logical end of the inpatient stage of treatment should be the restoration of the patient’s physical activity. There are several stages of mode expansion:

1. 
   The first 12-48 hours are in intensive care, movement is prohibited. This time is enough for doctors to eliminate the possibility of complications.

2. 3-4 days – allowed to sit down and eat food independently. At this stage, light crushed food is what can be transferred to the hospital in case of a heart attack.
3. 5-6 days - you are allowed to get up, and at the end of the first week - to walk around the ward. If complications of myocardial infarction occur (heart failure, shock, severe arrhythmias), then the patient should follow the rules of bed rest longer and extend it more slowly.
4. From the 12th day the patient begins to climb stairs (2 steps are added every day).

Mandatory hospital treatment should be at least 10-14 days.

What determines the length of hospitalization?

Treatment tactics

The principles of treatment of myocardial infarction are as follows:

• Conducting daily inspections and condition assessment. Blood pressure, skin color, presence of edema, condition of neck veins, pulse rate, and breathing are checked. Auscultation of the lungs is performed.
• If there is severe heart failure, weight and diuresis are controlled. The amount of liquid drunk per day is limited.
• A repeat ECG is performed.
• If the course of the disease is not complicated, after 5-7 days in the hospital a stress test is performed. Evaluate its results.
• Upon admission and upon discharge, echocardiography is performed to monitor the dynamics of the condition.

When can a patient be prepared for discharge?

The medical histories of patients who are hospitalized with myocardial infarction vary. Each case is individual. Some suffered extensive damage to the heart muscle, while others suffered a micro-infarction. However, the principles of treating this pathology are the same.

The basis of inpatient treatment of a heart attack is the following tasks: limit the area of ​​necrosis, relieve symptoms, and prevent complications. For a speedy recovery, the patient must follow the prescribed regimen.

Patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction are recommended to be under the supervision of a doctor from the clinic for the rest of their lives. Visits to a medical facility once a year are required.

The following sources of information were used to prepare the material.

After the most severe manifestation of cardiac ischemia – myocardial infarction – the body needs time to recover. The patient is placed in a hospital, where doctors provide full control over his health. How long this will take depends on the severity of the pathology, the prescribed treatment methods and possible complications accompanying the heart attack.

How long do they stay in intensive care after a heart attack?

Myocardial infarction is the most severe manifestation of cardiac ischemia, when for a short time the heart muscle is starved of blood supply. The death of heart cells during this period is called a heart attack. A third of patients die in the hospital due to serious and irreversible complications that the disease causes. The remaining patients receive disability after discharge. Only a few of the survivors can return to a normal lifestyle. The disease primarily affects people over 50 years of age, but recently the number of myocardial infarctions has increased among the younger population. A person with an acute attack and unbearable chest pain should be immediately taken to the hospital, where the patient will be examined in the emergency room.

General rules

Serious cardiac pathologies with subsequent complications in the form of a heart attack require hospitalization and long-term treatment under constant medical supervision. For the first three days, the patient is in intensive care, then he is transferred to the cardiology department and given time to recover. The course of therapy for people who have had a heart attack is divided into two stages:

1. Spicy. Lasts up to two weeks from the moment the attack first appears. Involves intensive therapy: bed rest, monitoring the current condition using equipment.
2. Subacute – from 3 to 4 weeks. The patient is in the hospital, where doctors are trying to improve his health and prevent complications from developing.

No one can keep a patient in the clinic by force. He has the right to leave the walls of the hospital on his own as soon as he feels better, but then the doctors will relieve themselves of responsibility for his life. Rapid discharge is fraught with serious consequences, for example, the development of thromboembolism, CHF, and aneurysms. Supervision by qualified professionals reduces risks.

Staying in hospital is the basis for subsequent recovery at home: receiving advice on the upcoming regimen and providing timely assistance in case of complications.

Time frame for a patient in intensive care

Patients with an acute attack of myocardial infarction immediately after the pain syndrome receive medical care in the intensive care unit (ICU). Urgent medical measures are carried out there. At this stage, doctors strive to maintain optimal oxygen supply to the myocardium and maintain its viability. The patient is given rest, painkillers, sleeping pills and drugs to lower the pulse are prescribed.

The duration of the course of therapy depends on the patient’s condition and the success of his recovery. There are no exact dates, but the standard duration of stay in intensive care is three days, if there are no consequences and the person is conscious and has not fallen into a coma.

While the patient is under the care of resuscitators, he must undergo the following types of surgical intervention:

• cardiac catheterization (examination of the coronary artery);
• angioplasty (dilation or narrowing of damaged blood vessels);
• CABG – coronary artery bypass grafting (restoration of blood flow).

In addition, the patient is administered drugs that eliminate blood clots. All procedures usually take 3-7 days. The hospital stage ends in the cardiology department. Modern medicine speeds up the healing process.

Treatment for myocardial infarction

Patients with suspected development of ischemia require urgent hospitalization, where within 20 minutes. After the patient’s admission, an electrocardiogram is recorded and a device is connected to monitor heart rhythms. After assessing the clinical data, the doctor determines the nature and extent of the necessary therapeutic measures. In case of developing myocardial infarction, it is justified to carry out measures aimed at rapid and complete restoration of blood flow through an occluded (clogged) coronary vessel.

Other methods of therapy are symptomatic, and are aimed at preventing the development of complications and improving the prognosis of the disease. Treatment of acute myocardial infarction is carried out in the intensive care unit. The prognosis is influenced by the speed of measures taken, which, depending on the indications, may involve medication or radical therapy . The protocol for the treatment of myocardial infarction involves the following algorithm of actions:

• emergency medical care;
• early diagnosis (including dynamics);
• determining the scope of necessary measures and methods of treatment;
• pain relief;
• oxygen therapy;
• identification of complications with subsequent treatment.

Terms of subsequent rehabilitation

After a heart attack, it is recommended to remain under medical supervision for up to 28 days. The cardiologist must present a plan for further rehabilitation measures that will return the heart muscle to the ability to contract in its usual rhythm.

The speed of recovery depends on several factors:

1. Was help provided in a timely manner during the attack?
2. Age of the patient (if less than 70 years old, they will be sent home faster).
3. General state.
4. Complications.
5. Type of heart attack.

Based on the depth of damage to the heart muscle, there are two types of lesions: transmural and non-transmural infarction. In the first case, the focus of necrosis involves all or most of the heart muscle. In the second, parts of the left ventricle are affected. The general recovery period for minor necrosis is 6 months; an extensive heart attack with complications doubles the period, because each stage of recovery is slower.

Discharge can be made as soon as possible (7-10 days after staying in BRIT) only if the following conditions are met:

• the heart rhythm was restored;
• consequences have not been identified;
• the patient is less than 70 years old.

Rehabilitation continues after discharge. The person is prescribed constant medication, a special diet, giving up bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol) and regular rest. Restrictions are imposed on many areas of life. The patient may be sent for home treatment or given a voucher to a specialized cardiological sanatorium. Adaptation involves special exercises, medication, and diet.

The standard period for returning to normal in a sanatorium is 18-21 days. A specialist will tell you more about this in the video:

People with non-transmural lesions are prohibited from strenuous exercise in the gym, but are allowed to walk and engage in physical therapy. Survivors of transmural infarction are treated in a sanatorium for the first year after the attack.

The time spent in the hospital after a heart attack from attack to complete recovery cannot be determined by a common denominator. Everything is strictly individual. But modern practice is such that the number of seriously ill patients is decreasing, and doctors strive to discharge the patient from the hospital as soon as possible (10-14 days after a heart attack).

How long patients stay in hospital after a heart attack largely depends on the severity of their condition, the extent of the damage and their age. As a rule, for the first few days a person stays in intensive care, where his health is constantly monitored by doctors. Further therapy is carried out in a hospital.

Methods of therapy

Myocardial infarction requires immediate treatment. It is very important to begin providing medical care in the first hours after an attack, life expectancy depends on this. It is necessary to treat the clot with medications so that it resolves and restore blood flow in the coronary artery.

After providing qualified assistance, restorative therapy is required for about six months.

1. Follow a diet.
2. Take medications.
3. Walk outdoors more often.
4. Follow your doctor's recommendations.

Folk methods are a quick way to recover after a heart attack. However, before using them, you should consult with your doctor, who will recommend more proven methods.

Treatment of heart attack with folk remedies:

• Take a large spoonful of dry hawthorn, brew it with a glass of boiling water, filter after half an hour and drink one cup twice a day.
• A teaspoon of motherwort powder is brewed with boiling water (200 g) and allowed to brew for 20 minutes. You need to consume half a glass three times a day.
• Wheat sprouts should be taken on an empty stomach, one tablespoon at a time.
• A mixture of fresh rowan and honey is considered effective and tasty; use the following proportion per 1 kilogram of berries - two beekeeping products. The fruits are ground and combined with honey. Take one large spoon per day.
• Prepare a mixture of garlic (2 heads), honey and five lemons. The products are crushed and a tablespoon of honey is added. The mixture is infused for a week, then consumed 4 dessert spoons per day.

Immediately after an attack, you should drink freshly squeezed carrot juice with the addition of a dessert spoon of vegetable oil. It is recommended to drink it three times a day before meals.

The use of herbal remedies also has a beneficial effect on the heart, cleanses blood vessels and helps prevent relapse. However, they should be taken for six months, changing every two months. Drinks are drunk in the form of tea only when not hot.

The following combinations are considered effective:

1. The fruits of hawthorn and fennel, clover flowers, white willow bark and St. John's wort herb. Simmer 5 grams of the mixture and 250 grams of water in a water bath for about 10 minutes, let it brew for about an hour. The infusion is drunk a day, divided into three times.
2. Rose hips, rowan, hawthorn and viburnum, raisins and dried apricots. 200 grams of the mixture are poured with one liter of boiling water and left for 12 hours. They drink it like tea.
3. Take equal parts of the herb sweet clover and wormwood, arnica inflorescences, lily of the valley flowers, mint leaves, rose hips and dill in the amount of 6 grams (all crushed) and pour 300 ml of hot water, let it brew for about 5-6 hours, preferably in a thermos. Drink ¼ glass per day.
4. To prepare a medicinal drink, take 50 grams of dried rose hips and strawberry leaves, pour half a liter of boiling water and simmer in a water bath for about 15 minutes. After cooling, take 1/2 cup before meals.

• daily consumption of apples strengthens blood vessels and removes toxins from the body;
• You should chew lemon zest to improve heart function;
• include a handful of dried apricots in your diet;
• eat one bitter almond daily;
• drink one glass of fresh carrot drink in the morning and evening;
• persimmon juice is also beneficial;
• eat a tablespoon of honey two or three times a day;
• consume turnips.

For prevention purposes, it is recommended to eat fresh serviceberry fruits. Also, decoctions and infusions are prepared from its leaves and buds. Indispensable products are: garlic, lemon, honey, rose hips. By using them, you can avoid a secondary relapse.

Treatment of myocardial infarction with folk remedies will help the body quickly recover, increase immunity and prevent relapse. By following all the doctor’s recommendations, you can forget about the disease for a long time.

What is a heart attack

Myocardial infarction is a serious disease that affects the human heart. It requires immediate medical attention and hospitalization. Otherwise, the patient's condition may become critical. Irreparable consequences and death cannot be ruled out either.

The length of sick leave after a heart attack is different for each person. This is justified by the fact that some patients with mild damage recover after a month of therapy, while other patients may require long-term (3-5 months) rehabilitation.

After a person has been hospitalized, he should adhere to the following recommendations:

• maintain bed rest,
• exclude any kind of physical activity (the duration of incapacity for work is subsequently determined by the attending physician),
• eliminate anxiety and stress,
• follow a diet.

Why is treatment so important?

The heart functions constantly, it pumps blood, which is supplied to it by an extensive system of vessels, they look like a crown, which is why they are called coronary. When a myocardial infarction occurs, circulation is disrupted. The most critical period in this condition is the first 30 minutes after blockage of the vessel and the next 3-6 hours. The first days after myocardial infarction are extremely important. The remedies used can either improve or worsen the condition.

Treatment of myocardial infarction in a hospital is a mandatory measure to normalize the functioning of the most important organ in the human body. Essentially, myocardial infarction is a blockage of an artery that occurs due to rupture of atherosclerotic plaques or thrombosis. As a result of the artery being blocked, a certain area of ​​the heart does not receive nutrition. First it weakens, then dies completely - this process is called myocardial infarction.

Almost always, such changes cause pain, as with angina pectoris. Much less often, the sensations are barely noticeable, and a person experiences a myocardial infarction “on his feet”, without realizing it.

Stages of heart attack and resuscitation treatment

The duration of resuscitation treatment depends on the general condition of the patient and the presence of complications.

In this case, the following stages of a heart attack are distinguished:

• Acute stage. It develops from the onset of the first symptoms and lasts for two weeks. If the person's condition is critical, then cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be used. Artificial oxygen supply is also used if necessary.
• Subacute stage. Its duration is 3-4 weeks. To normalize the condition, a person needs to stay in the hospital all this time and undergo a course of drug therapy.

After this, a rehabilitation period begins, which lasts no longer than a year. At this time, it is advisable to follow all medical recommendations, as well as undergo regular examination by a doctor.

Hospital treatment

Inpatient treatment of a heart attack is carried out in the cardiology department. If this is the first attack in a person, then the standard course of treatment is 28 days. During this period you need to be under the supervision of doctors.

If the heart muscle can contract normally and the patient’s age is less than 50 years, then he can be discharged after two weeks. Already at home, the person will take the prescribed medications.

The longest treatment is for those patients who have complications (blood clot formation, severe heart failure, pulmonary edema, etc.). In this condition, they may require not only drug therapy, but also surgery.

How many days does a paid ballot last?

Let's consider how long they keep on a certificate of incapacity for work in case of myocardial infarction. The approximate periods of temporary disability for this disease are established in the Recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Russia No. 2510/9362-34 of August 20, 2000 (hereinafter referred to as the Recommendations) and are:

1. 70-90 calendars. days – in case of acute transmural infarction of the anterior or lower myocardial wall, as well as other specified localizations without significant complications with mild anginal syndrome and 90-130 calendar days. days if complications of the acute period occur.
2. 60-70 calendars. days - in acute subendocardial (non-transmural) myocardial infarction without complications and longer periods in cases of heart failure, depending on its degree:

• I FC, i.e. not causing discomfort during physical activity (60-80 calendar days);
• FC II, when physical activity causes moderate, minor discomfort (80-110 calendar days);
• III-IV FC, in which poor health can manifest itself even at rest (90-120 calendar days).

• 90-120 calendars. days – repeated myocardial infarction.

How long does the period of disability last after cardiac stenting and bypass surgery?

The need for surgical intervention for myocardial infarction occurs quite often. There are two types of operations that radically solve the problem of acute coronary circulatory disorders:

• bypass surgery is a cavity operation to install a shunt, the purpose of which is to create an artificial path for blood movement;
• Stenting is an endovascular intervention in which an implant is inserted through a puncture in the artery through a catheter, expanding the vessel in the place where it is needed.

Drug therapy

Myocardial infarction is treated with various medications. The course of therapy is selected by the doctor for each individual patient.

The following groups of medications are most often prescribed for such people:

• Antiplatelet agents. Such drugs help reduce platelet aggregation. In other words, some reduce blood viscosity, which protects against the formation of a blood clot.
• Statins. They are prescribed for high cholesterol levels in a person, which leads to the formation of cholesterol plaques that clog blood vessels.
• Aspirin. This drug is prescribed to most patients after a heart attack. It costs more than a year to take it.
• Anticoagulants. They are used to reduce blood clotting.
• Beta blockers. These are the main medications after a heart attack that should be taken to protect the myocardium from oxygen starvation. You need to take them for years.
• Diuretics. They help remove fluid from the body, which reduces the load on the heart.

With the right treatment, a person does not stay in the hospital for long. Such therapy will normalize the functioning of the heart and will contribute to the restoration of the body.

Remember! It is strictly forbidden to take medications for a heart attack without a doctor’s prescription or to drink a large dosage. Also, only under the supervision of a specialist should you use various folk remedies, since in some cases they can only worsen a person’s condition.

Causes of myocardial infarction

The main pathogenetic link in the development of myocardial infarction is atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels, which lead to thrombosis of the coronary arteries (blockage with atherosclerotic plaques). Other causes of heart disease include:

• closing the lumen of the arteries during surgery;
• blockage of the coronary arteries by intravascular substrates (thrombus, fat, pus, medicinal oils, other foreign bodies);
• involuntary contraction of the coronary vessels (angiospasm).

Atherosclerosis leads among the possible causes of cardiac pathology in terms of frequency of occurrence, but is not the only factor provoking it. The presence of the following circumstances predisposes to the occurrence of pathological changes in the heart muscle:

• age over 65 years;
• genetically determined predisposition to cardiovascular diseases (heredity);
• lipid metabolism disorders, due to which the level of fats in the blood significantly exceeds the norm;
• persistent increase in blood pressure (hypertension);
• obesity;
• disruption of one or more endocrine glands (diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism);
• surgical procedures associated with ligation of arteries (for example, angioplasty);
• rheumatism (one of the clinical manifestations of the disease leads to the development of an inflammatory process in the heart);
• low levels of high-density lipoproteins (“good” cholesterol) in the blood;
• smoking (active and passive);
• physical inactivity;
• unfavorable environmental conditions;
• alcohol or drug addiction;
• infection of the body with bacteria (streptococci or staphylococci).

Diet principles

The sick leave stipulates that patients must adhere to a diet.

Therapeutic nutrition has the following principles:

• Complete refusal of salt and alcohol.
• Limit fats and sweets. It is also worth excluding floury, fatty meat and lard.
• Low-calorie dishes should be the basis of the menu.
• You should eat 5 times a day in small portions. This will avoid overeating and reduce the burden on the body.
• Anything fried or pickled is prohibited. It is preferable to boil or steam everything.
• Every day the patient should eat light soups, cereals, boiled vegetables and grated fruits.

How to treat myocardial infarction with folk remedies?

In order to begin treatment of myocardial infarction with folk remedies, a consultation with a doctor is necessary. Since myocardial infarction is a very serious disease, traditional treatment methods may not always give the desired result. But they can help significantly during the recovery period or if traditional treatment methods are used. Alternative treatment methods can also alleviate pre-infarction conditions. Here are several recipes that, to one degree or another, can help with myocardial infarction:

1. During the recovery period after a myocardial infarction, it is recommended to drink 100-150 g of carrot juice every day with the addition of 1 tbsp. l. vegetable oil.
2. In a pre-infarction state, you can drink blackthorn tea for about 3-4 days.
3. Lemon zest is rich in essential oils, which have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the heart. You should chew a little lemon zest every day.
4. People's recipes also include this method: you should carry a bag of white mustard seeds in a pocket on the side of your heart. This will help prevent myocardial infarction.
5. Almonds and honey have a very beneficial effect on the heart. Honey improves blood circulation. Therefore, you should eat small quantities of these foods every day.
6. Hawthorn flowers are taken in a ratio of 1 tbsp. l. for 1 tbsp. boiling water, the infusion is drunk hot, one glass 3 times a day before meals.

It should be remembered that a diet must be mandatory during the recovery period.

Eat small meals up to 7 times a day. Food should contain as little salt as possible. The diet can be prescribed by the attending physician, who can determine the complexity of the disease.

Care after a heart attack

In the first months after an attack, constant care is recommended for the person. This will significantly reduce the development of further complications. Thus, the patient should be protected from anxiety and physical stress. You need to take him for walks in the fresh air more often.

Often such people have digestive problems that are associated with low mobility. To normalize intestinal function, you can use laxatives and analgesics prescribed by your doctor.

Particularly careful care is required in elderly patients who may forget to take the drug or begin to engage in physical activity, which is extremely undesirable.

How long do you need to stay in hospital after a heart attack?

How long patients stay in hospital after a heart attack largely depends on the severity of their condition, the extent of the damage and their age. As a rule, for the first few days a person stays in intensive care, where his health is constantly monitored by doctors. Further therapy is carried out in a hospital. Myocardial infarction is a serious disease that affects the human heart.

It requires immediate medical attention and hospitalization. Otherwise, the patient's condition may become critical. Irreparable consequences and death cannot be ruled out either. The length of sick leave after a heart attack is different for each person. This is justified by the fact that some patients with mild lesions recover after just a month of therapy, while other patients may require long months of rehabilitation. The duration of resuscitation treatment depends on the general condition of the patient and the presence of complications.

In this case, the following stages of a heart attack are distinguished:. After this, a rehabilitation period begins, which lasts no longer than a year. At this time, it is advisable to follow all medical recommendations, as well as undergo regular examination by a doctor. Inpatient treatment of a heart attack is carried out in the cardiology department. If this is the first attack in a person, then the standard course of treatment is 28 days. During this period you need to be under the supervision of doctors.

If the heart muscle can contract normally and the patient’s age is less than 50 years, then he can be discharged after two weeks. Already at home, the person will take the prescribed medications. The longest treatment is for those patients who have complications such as blood clot formation, severe heart failure, pulmonary edema, etc. In this condition, they may require not only drug therapy, but also surgical intervention.

Myocardial infarction is treated with various medications. The course of therapy is selected by the doctor for each individual patient. The following groups of medications are most often prescribed for such people:. With the right treatment, a person does not stay in the hospital for long. Such therapy will normalize the functioning of the heart and will contribute to the restoration of the body.

It is strictly forbidden to take medications for a heart attack without a doctor’s prescription or to drink a large dosage. Also, only under the supervision of a specialist should you use various folk remedies, since in some cases they can only worsen a person’s condition. The sick leave stipulates that patients must adhere to a diet. Therapeutic nutrition has the following principles: In the first months after an attack, constant care is recommended for the person. This will significantly reduce the development of further complications.

Thus, the patient should be protected from anxiety and physical stress. You need to take him for walks in the fresh air more often. Often such people have digestive problems that are associated with low mobility. To normalize intestinal function, you can use laxatives and analgesics prescribed by your doctor.

Particularly careful care is required in elderly patients who may forget to take the drug or begin to engage in physical activity, which is extremely undesirable. Even if a person is no longer on sick leave, he must still constantly monitor his condition and regularly undergo the necessary examinations. Mandatory tests after a heart attack are an ECG, ultrasound of the heart, blood and urine tests, blood sugar levels, general analysis, and biochemical blood test.

To fully recover after a heart attack, patients are recommended to undergo treatment in sanatoriums. Before this, it is important to determine what degree of damage is observed in a person. A visit to the sanatorium is recommended for patients with a severe condition. Such institutions provide physical therapy, gym classes, massage and physiotherapy. Despite the fact that a person’s sick leave lasts several months, the patient is recommended to follow certain recommendations throughout his life that will help avoid complications and secondary heart attacks.

On average, a person needs to stay in the hospital for a month after suffering a heart attack. At the same time, therapy often does not end after such a course, and the patient takes the drugs at home. Enter your pressure. Search in progress Not found Show. Error type: "Forbidden".

Error message: "Access Not Configured. If you enabled this API recently, wait a few minutes for the action to propagate to our systems and retry. Reason: "accessNotConfigured". Did you add your own Google API key? Look at the help. Check the FAQ of the plugin or send error messages to support.

Did you like the article? Share with friends:. Pain during myocardial infarction is the main symptom of this disease.

With minor manifestations, patients do not. Symptoms of myocardial infarction in women are different, but the main symptom is acute pain. Transmural myocardial infarction is a very severe acute cardiac disease characterized by the death of a large volume of tissue.

Cardiac surgeons perform planned heart bypass surgery after a heart attack on the third to seventh day. Restoration of blood supply. Myocardial infarction is the terminal stage of development of coronary heart disease.

This is an acute condition that is characterized by... The classification of myocardial infarction according to ICD-10 assigns the acute form of the disease code I In this group. Add a comment Cancel reply.

Necessary examinations

Important! Even if a person is no longer on sick leave, he must still constantly monitor his condition and regularly undergo the necessary examinations.

At the same time, you need to visit a cardiologist with the following frequency:

• once a week for the first month after the attack,
• once every two weeks for six months after the attack,
• once a month for a year after a heart attack.

Mandatory studies after a heart attack are an ECG, ultrasound of the heart, blood and urine tests (blood sugar level, general analysis, biochemical blood test).

Rehabilitation after myocardial infarction: exercise therapy and psychologist

Exercise therapy plays a great role in the rehabilitation of the patient. If the condition is moderately severe, the patient can begin exercise therapy with the permission of the doctor and together with the instructor 2-3 days after the heart attack. And if the condition is serious, you have to wait a week.

Most often, the patient is allowed to sit on the bed on days 4-5; on day 7, you can walk a little near the bed. And only after 2-3 weeks the patient can walk from the bed to the stairs. After some time, the distance that the patient walks increases to 500 - 1000 m with an instructor. In this case, it is necessary to carefully monitor the patient’s heart rate, blood pressure and ECG. If there are deviations, then it is necessary to reduce the load.

If everything goes well, the patient is transferred to a special cardiological sanatorium, where he does exercise therapy, walks 5-7 km every day, receives a diet and takes medications. Also in the sanatorium there are psychologists and psychotherapists who set the patient up for a successful outcome. After hospitalization, the patient either returns to work or goes on disability.

In order to calculate training for a patient who has suffered a heart attack, it is necessary not only to take into account the severity of the condition, but also to introduce the concept of functional class for clarity.

1. The first functional class is patients who have suffered a small focal myocardial infarction with minor damage
2. The second functional class also includes patients who have suffered a small-focal myocardial infarction, but with complications, as well as patients who have suffered a large-focal myocardial infarction, but with minimal complications.
3. The third FC is patients who have undergone small-focal MI without complications and with frequent attacks of angina (4 - 6 times a day)
4. Fourth FC
   Patients with small focal infarction and serious consequences (clinical death, AV block, cardiogenic shock)
5. Patients who have had transmural MI
6. Patients who have undergone transmural myocardial infarction, with any complications

After conducting a velgoergometric test, patients with functional classes 1 and 2 are prescribed special training. Also, when prescribing training, the severity of the patient’s condition and the severity of coronary insufficiency are taken into account. Contraindications to training include cardiac aneurysm, arrhythmias that worsen with physical activity, and severe heart failure.

It must be remembered that during training, pain in the heart, shortness of breath, wheezing, an increase in heart size, and anxiety and depressive disorders may occur. It is necessary to monitor the patient’s heart rate, blood pressure, and ECG to prevent a recurrent heart attack.

In order for a patient to be rehabilitated in a clinic, it is necessary that the patient be of 1-2 functional class. The rehabilitation program at the clinic also includes physical therapy exercises 3 times a week, drug therapy, classes with a psychologist or psychotherapist, and the fight against bad habits. It is important to remember about walking!

Patients in the group of increased medical control are patients of FC 3-4. They need to learn how to serve themselves and move around the apartment. They have their own program at home under the supervision of a general practitioner and cardiologist. The patient does work at home, if possible, does exercise therapy from the third week and walks in the yard for an hour.

The work of a psychologist with a patient should not be underestimated, because many patients are sure that life after a heart attack is incomplete. Patients may have fears, anxiety and depressive disorders. And such beliefs have a very negative impact on the patient’s prognosis and treatment. It has been proven that a positive attitude gives hope even to hopelessly ill patients, and the capabilities of the human body are colossal!

Sanatorium treatment

To fully recover after a heart attack, patients are recommended to undergo treatment in sanatoriums. Before this, it is important to determine what degree of damage is observed in a person.

The following degrees of severity of patients after a heart attack are distinguished:

• Class 1, which includes patients who do not have complications and attacks of tachycardia,
• Class 2 - moderate damage, in which the patient has an initial type of heart failure,
• Class 3 – a serious human condition, which is accompanied by arrhythmia and hypertension,
• Class 4 – extensive infarction, after which there is a high risk of hospital mortality.

A visit to the sanatorium is recommended for patients with grade 1-3 severity of the condition. Such institutions provide physical therapy, gym classes, massage and physiotherapy.

What affects the duration?

Factors influencing the duration of sick leave after myocardial infarction and the resulting surgical treatment are:

• type of heart attack;
• the presence or absence of complications of the disease;
• data from clinical and laboratory studies obtained over time;
• duration of prescribed bed rest;
• the presence or absence of severe rhythm and conduction disturbances;
• the presence or absence of severe chronic coronary insufficiency;
• the nature of the patient’s work activity.

The basis for extending sick leave is the need for long-term rehabilitation , which requires rest, as well as the serious condition of the patient after a heart attack or related invasive procedures, due to which he cannot perform his work duties. According to the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Protecting the Health of Citizens in the Russian Federation” dated November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ, with an obvious unfavorable prognosis, the patient is sent to undergo an examination and receive disability.

If a person refuses to undergo an examination, the certificate of incapacity for work is closed. If the work and clinical prognosis is favorable, no later than 10 months after the injury, the patient must be discharged to work or referred to medical examination (Part 4 of Article 59 of the Law).

Secondary preventive measures

Despite the fact that a person’s sick leave lasts several months, the patient is recommended to follow certain recommendations throughout his life that will help avoid complications and secondary heart attacks.

To do this, you should adhere to the following tips:

• maintain a healthy diet, not allowing yourself to overeat or consume unhealthy foods,
• give up alcohol in any form or quantity,
• quit smoking,
• have adequate sleep (sleep at least 8 hours a day),
• take frequent breaks from work, even if it is sedentary,
• take medications prescribed by a doctor,
• control blood pressure and prevent its sudden jumps,
• avoid heavy physical activity,
• give up coffee and energy drinks, which negatively affect the functioning of the heart,
• eliminate stress.

On average, a person needs to stay in the hospital for a month after suffering a heart attack. At the same time, therapy often does not end after such a course, and the patient takes the drugs at home.

Treatment of myocardial infarction with folk remedies at home

Traditional medicine recipes for internal use

• Prickly hawthorn flowers, trifoliate leaves, sweet clover herb, the whole wild strawberry plant - 10 g each, calendula flowers, peppermint leaves, dill fruits, common sweet clover leaves - 5 g each. 6 g of the collection, pour 300 ml of boiling water, heat in a water bath for 10 minutes, leave warm for 1 hour, strain. Take 1/3 cup warm 3 times a day 20 minutes before meals.
• The fruits of blood-red hawthorn, rhizome of valerian officinalis, melilot herb, meadow clover flowers, meadowsweet herb, lemon balm leaves, rose flower petals, angustifolia leaves - equally. Pour 7 g of powdered collection into 250 ml of water, heat in a water bath in a sealed container (do not boil!) for 15 minutes, leave in a warm place for 2 hours, strain. Take 1/4 cup 4 times a day between meals.
• Melilot herb, the whole wild strawberry plant, elecampane rhizome, marsh rosemary shoots, fennel herb, immortelle flowers, oregano herb, great celandine herb - equally. Pour 8 g of powdered collection into 300 ml of boiling water, boil for 2 minutes, leave in a warm place for 2 hours, strain. Take 1/3-1/4 cup warm after meals.
• Arnica inflorescences, horse chestnut flowers, cuff leaves, motherwort herb, fennel fruits, corn silks, coltsfoot leaves, common moth leaves, lavender herb - equally divided. Pour 8 g of powdered collection into 250 ml of boiling water, leave in a thermos for 4 hours, strain. Take 1/3-1/4 cup 3-4 times a day 1 hour before meals.
• Blood-red hawthorn flowers, trifoliate leaves, sweet clover herb - 15 g each, peppermint leaves, dandelion root, oregano herb - 10 g each, greater celandine herb, angustifolia fireweed leaves, heart-shaped linden flowers - 5 g each. Pour 7 g of powdered collection into 250 ml of water, heat in a water bath in a sealed container (do not boil!) for 15 minutes, leave in a warm place for 2 hours, strain. Take 1/4 cup 4 times a day between meals.

Traditional and alternative medicine offer a large number of medications and recipes for the treatment of myocardial infarction. However, before you begin treating myocardial infarction with folk remedies at home, it is advisable to consult a doctor. He will tell you which remedy is suitable specifically for your case. Be healthy!

Effective treatment of myocardial infarction with folk remedies.

• Types of heart attacks
• Symptoms of the disease
• Myocardial infarction: treatment
• How to treat myocardial infarction with folk remedies?

Is it possible to treat myocardial infarction with folk remedies? The myocardium is the human heart muscle. When the myocardium is affected, due to blockage of a coronary artery or its branch, we should speak of myocardial infarction. A heart attack is most often preceded by atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels of the heart.

Blood clots may form in the artery or pieces of cholesterol plaque may become lodged in the artery. Thus, oxygen stops flowing into the heart through this artery, and part of the heart muscle, not receiving nutrients, begins to weaken or die. This process is called myocardial infarction.