Pressure 160 over 80 (60, 70): what does this mean in an elderly person and what to do with a pulse of 60

Description

Many people wonder when they see a pressure of 80 to 50 on a blood pressure monitor, what does this mean. If such indicators are observed constantly or very often, this means that vascular tone is reduced. Hypotension usually develops in childhood and goes away as the child grows up.

It is not uncommon for the disease to occur in adults and old people. It provokes memory impairment, absent-mindedness, depression, fatigue, and noise intolerance often appear. Such people lack oxygen, so they often yawn, their limbs are constantly cold, and their face is pale.

Epidemiology

Typically, a pressure of 80 over 50, a pulse of 80, is observed in adolescents, women under twenty-five years of age and older people who have a thin build, tall height and low weight. About 20% of people suffer from this pathology. A large number of hypotensive people can be found in professional sports, since heavy physical activity provokes a decrease in blood pressure and pulse.

It is not uncommon for a pregnant woman to have a blood pressure of 80 to 50, since her body must provide an additional circulatory system.

Hypotension can also be observed in healthy people as a result of overwork, emotional stress, failure to maintain a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition.

General information about blood pressure

• What pressure is considered normal and at what pressure should I go to the doctor?
• What is “white coat syndrome”?
• Does blood pressure depend on age?

Medical issues and expert opinions

• Is blood pressure measured primarily by the “oscillometer” method? What does it mean?
• What should you consider when taking a self-measurement?
• Can wrist blood pressure monitors be used for home measurements?
• Can blood pressure drop too low due to medication?
• Are there side effects with drug treatment?
• Is it possible to stop taking medications if side effects occur?
• Can I stop taking my medications on weekends or holidays?
• Is it possible to stop taking medications if my blood pressure returns to normal?
• Will I have to take blood pressure medications for a long time?
• The medications led to a decrease in potency. What to do?
• What sports activities are contraindicated if you have high blood pressure?

What pressure is considered normal and at what pressure should I go to the doctor?

• The following table of blood pressure values ​​(in mmHg) is provided by the World Health Organization (WHO):

• It is advisable to measure your blood pressure as often as possible and discuss the measurement results with your doctor. If you find that your systolic pressure is often above 140 and/or your diastolic pressure is above 90, you need to see a doctor for treatment. It is considered normal for blood pressure to rise or fall from time to time and is not a cause for concern. But high blood pressure is detected in most cases, you need to go to the doctor.

What is “white coat syndrome”?

• White coat syndrome is the common name for the high blood pressure effect that occurs when a patient's blood pressure is measured by a doctor (usually wearing a white coat) or nurse. This effect is caused by the fact that the patient in such an “official” environment may be worried or nervous, which leads to an increase in blood pressure. The problem is that a patient may have normal blood pressure under normal circumstances, but in the doctor's office, based on their readings, they may be diagnosed with hypertension. Home measuring devices are the best way to avoid white coat syndrome. Long-term studies have shown that people who have high blood pressure when visiting the doctor have a high risk of developing hypertension. Therefore, such patients need to measure their blood pressure more often.

Does blood pressure depend on age?

• In the average population, blood pressure increases with age. This happens because as we age, the elasticity of blood vessels decreases.
• But even in the older age group, the pressure should not too often exceed the maximum permissible norm of 140/90 mm Hg. Art.

Medical issues and expert opinions

Below you will find medical topics and answers related to questions about high blood pressure and its control. They have been taken and translated from patient information from the Swiss Heart Foundation. We would like to thank you for permission to use this information. — Swiss Heart Foundation Schwarztorstrasse 18 CH-3000 Bern, Switzerland phone: +41 / 31 388 80 80 fax: +41 / 31 388 80 88 ( [email protected] )

Is blood pressure measured primarily by the “oscillometer” method? What does it mean?

• In medical practice and in hospitals, blood pressure is measured mainly using the traditional “sound method”. With this method, heart pulsations are listened to with a stethoscope. Pulsation occurs in the blood flow of the brachial artery as the pressure in the cuff slowly decreases. The first audible beat determines the systolic pressure, the last audible beat determines the diastolic pressure. Blood pressure values ​​are determined by the mercury column and are therefore measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
• Oscillometry uses a different measurement principle. This method is used in most devices for self-measurement of pressure. In oscillometric devices, blood pressure is calculated by electronic microprocessors based on pressure fluctuations (oscillations) that occur in the bloodstream as a result of heart pulsation. Since heart beats do not play a role in this technique, neither a stethoscope nor a microphone built into the cuff is required for measurements. Blood pressure and pulse rate are displayed on the device screen after the measurement. Pressure is reflected in mmHg. Art., although such devices do not contain mercury. If your heart rate is irregular, it is recommended that measurements be taken by a doctor.

What should you consider when taking a self-measurement?

• For patients with high blood pressure, it is recommended to measure your blood pressure regularly, as this will provide your doctor with information about the effectiveness of treatment. The measurement results must be recorded in a special notebook, and in the “Notes” column, write down your observations, such as: feeling unwell, dizziness, poor sleep, missed medications, physical or psychological problems. In addition, it is very important to measure blood pressure on the same arm or wrist at the same time in the morning and evening. Before measurement, you should not smoke, drink coffee or alcoholic beverages. Take the measurement after a five-minute rest, in a sitting position, in a calm environment. Make sure the device is at heart level. Compare your readings with the values ​​obtained as a result of measurements by your doctor. You need to periodically calibrate your device (every two years) at the manufacturer's service centers.

Can wrist blood pressure monitors be used for home measurements?

• Modern devices that measure blood pressure at the wrist also use the oscillometric method. They are fully automatic: they automatically inflate the cuff to the correct level and deflate it. Wrist devices, when used correctly, provide fairly reliable results.
• Automatic blood pressure meters with sensors mounted on the index finger measure blood pressure and pulse, but are often unreliable because the index finger is not held steady at heart level and the blood vessels on the finger are constricted due to the cold.

Can blood pressure drop too low due to medication?

• As a result of drug treatment, blood pressure may drop to too low a level. This can lead to dizziness when standing or bending suddenly, increased fatigue or lack of energy. If you notice these typical symptoms of low blood pressure (hypotension), you need to talk to your doctor about adjusting your treatment. However, if you have low blood pressure but feel fine, there is no reason to change your course of treatment.

Are there side effects with drug treatment?

• At the beginning of treatment, if blood pressure drops very sharply, medications may temporarily cause psychological or physiological reactions associated with fatigue, dizziness, and difficulty concentrating. The body gradually adapts to the lower pressure, and these problems disappear over time. Only a small number of people taking blood pressure medications consistently experience side effects. There are side effects unique to a certain type of medication that cannot be eliminated by reducing the dose of the medication. An example is a persistent but harmless dry cough, which can be relieved by taking ACE medications. If the cough is very annoying, you need to change the drug after prior consultation with your doctor.
• Skin symptoms such as itching or rash also indicate the need to change your medication. When taking calcium blockers, symptoms such as headache, redness of the face, swelling of the legs and legs (edema), and constipation are observed. The most common side effects of beta blockers are constant fatigue, potency problems, and cold feet and hands. Low blood calcium, gout attacks, and cramps are the most common side effects of diuretics. The drug with the least side effects is angiotensin.

Is it possible to stop taking medications if side effects occur?

• If you experience adverse symptoms from medications that regulate blood pressure, do not stop taking them immediately. In this case, you should discuss this problem with your doctor immediately. Usually the situation is corrected by reducing the dose, changing the drug, or changing treatment from one drug to treatment with a combination of two drugs.

Can I stop taking my medications on weekends or holidays?

• No matter how you spend your weekend: actively, traveling or passively, you need to continue taking your medications, because as soon as you stop treatment, your blood pressure will begin to rise. If you are traveling by plane, it is recommended that you keep the medicine in your carry-on luggage in case your luggage does not arrive on time. If you are flying across the ocean, due to time zone differences, consult your doctor at what time to take your medications.

Is it possible to stop taking medications if my blood pressure returns to normal?

• Tension and nervous stress sometimes lead to a temporary increase in blood pressure and this is a normal phenomenon and should not be confused with hypertension. Your doctor diagnosed you with this because your blood pressure was elevated not only during activity, stress, or tension, but also at rest. Therefore, you should not stop taking your medication even if it has returned to normal, otherwise it will rise again to the level at which you were diagnosed.

Will I have to take blood pressure medications for a long time?

• Only with proper control of blood pressure can damage to the walls of blood vessels and excessive stress on the heart, brain and kidneys be avoided. Control of dangerous levels of blood pressure is carried out by long-term use of drugs, if other methods of reducing pressure to the level of 135/85 mm Hg. Art., do not help (dietary recommendations, losing excess weight, giving up salt and alcohol, quitting smoking).
• Changing your lifestyle and reducing risk factors has a very good effect, and often allows you to reduce the dose of medication after a while.

The medications led to a decrease in potency. What to do?

• In addition to medications that can cause or contribute to potency disorders, there are many other factors that affect potency: age, physical and psychological condition, alcohol and smoking, as well as concomitant diseases, such as diabetes.
• The degree and speed of reduction in blood pressure levels, as well as the use of any drug, can also have a certain effect. At high doses, drugs such as beta blockers and diuretics can lead to erectile dysfunction as a side effect much more quickly than calcium blockers, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin. Do not hesitate to discuss any potency disorders with your doctor. If your medication is the cause, your doctor may reduce your dose or change the prescribed drug to another.

What sports activities are contraindicated if you have high blood pressure?

• With high blood pressure, the small branches of the blood vessels (capillaries) shrink, which in turn prevents the free circulation of blood. Muscle movements contribute to the expansion of capillaries, since muscle work requires greater enrichment of the blood with oxygen. With high blood pressure, regular exercise for at least 30 minutes has a positive effect on human health. Sports activities such as brisk walking, mountain walking, jogging, cycling, skiing, swimming (no timed competition, neither in too cold nor too warm water), dancing.
• During such exercises, groups of large muscles move simultaneously and rhythmically. The pulse quickens and blood pressure increases, but not too sharply. However, you should not engage in those sports in which the muscles tense sharply and do not move rhythmically. Such sports (for example, weightlifting) cause a sharp increase in blood pressure.

How to measure blood pressure correctly?

Every person's blood pressure is subject to strong fluctuations. It depends on physical activity, time of day and mood. The stress and strain of everyday life lead to fluctuations in pressure levels of up to 30 mm Hg. within a few minutes, which is completely normal. For this reason, people who monitor their blood pressure with a blood pressure monitor and often take measurements at home do not understand why the results of their measurements are so different from each other. Unlike measurements taken by a doctor, who receives the result of one measurement at a given moment, a home blood pressure monitor gives an idea of ​​​​the normal range of blood pressure level fluctuations throughout the day. Therefore, leading experts in the field of blood pressure recommend measuring your blood pressure yourself with a home measuring device. Clinical validation of the device is important. All Microlife blood pressure monitors are developed in close collaboration with physicians to ensure optimal accuracy when measuring the patient's blood pressure. To obtain reliable results and reduce the range of measurement fluctuations, we recommend that you follow the tips listed below:

• Measurements should not be taken during times of stress or tension. We recommend taking at least one measurement per day at the same time in a calm state. The difference in measurement results will be significantly smaller if you measure pressure 30 minutes after dinner and evening rest, and not during the day. Of course, measurements should be carried out occasionally during the day to obtain a complete picture of blood pressure levels.
• Make it a habit to take a few minutes of quiet time before taking a measurement to relax. The result of a measurement taken without prior rest (for example, immediately after sitting down at a table), or in the presence of a large number of people, is of no use. You should also not take measurements directly after eating, drinking, smoking, after active movements or excitement.
• The measurement must be taken after 5 minutes of rest, sitting in a comfortable position. Apply the cuff correctly as indicated in the instruction manual.
• After inflating the cuff, breathe evenly and do not talk. Don't move, don't tense your muscles.
• The average of several measurements taken under the same conditions over several days is your normal blood pressure.
• If you want to take several measurements in a row, be sure to leave at least 15 seconds between measurements.
• If the measurement is taken with the device on the wrist, make sure that it is at the level of the heart.
• From time to time, comparative measurements are carried out in pharmacies or specialty stores. The results of such measurements are largely useless because the conditions under which they are carried out are not suitable for correct measurements. Only in cases where peace and quiet are strictly maintained, and the necessary intervals between measurements are observed, are such comparisons appropriate.

High accuracy of measurements with devices on the wrist The two arteries in the wrist are located just under the skin and are not surrounded by as much soft tissue as in the shoulder. In addition, these arteries are much thinner than those in the shoulder. Therefore, for users, devices on the wrist have certain advantages and disadvantages:

• Devices on the wrist are closer to the arteries from which the signal comes. The cuff, when worn at the wrist, is not surrounded by as much soft tissue as is the case when it is worn over the shoulder. Therefore, patients with more soft tissue on the shoulder have less trouble measuring pressure at the wrist.
• Thin vessels in the wrist are more susceptible to arteriosclerosis, which accompanies the aging process. If the vessels are susceptible to arteriosclerosis, the device on the wrist shows incorrect results.
• Measuring on the wrist is more convenient and faster than on the shoulder. Therefore, they can be carried out much more often.
• Wrist measurements are very sensitive to movement and may cause a lot of errors.
• During measurements, the device on the wrist should be at heart level.

All of the above means that wrist devices are more suitable:

• Relatively young and middle-aged people [with the exception of those suffering from arteriosclerosis].
• People who need to have a blood pressure monitor with them.
• People for whom, due to their shoulder size being too large, it is difficult to properly put the cuff on the shoulder.
• People who can sit in a comfortable position and hold the device at heart level during measurement.
• People who need to check their blood pressure frequently.

Wrist devices are less suitable:

• For older people [but only if they suffer from arteriosclerosis].
• For people who cannot take a sitting position, keep the device at heart level during measurement.

Excerpts from statements about blood pressure control with home electronic blood pressure monitors. From the proceedings of the symposium 19. / 20. Juni 1996, Dublin, Ireland Prof. O'Brien, Dublin city, Ireland. Prof. Eoin O'Brien*

Forms of the disease

There are several forms of this pathology:

1. An acute form or collapse, which is characterized by a sharp drop in vascular tone, a decrease in oxygen supply to the brain, and a decrease in the functions of internal organs. In this case, blood pressure can decrease rapidly, which threatens the development of hypoxia and shock, so immediate medical attention is required. This condition usually occurs during acute poisoning with medications, drugs or alcohol, as well as circulatory failure, acute infection, bleeding, and dehydration. Acute hypotension is most often a consequence of diseases and has a clear cause, which is taken into account during immediate treatment;
2. Chronic hypotension does not cause a high risk of developing pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, therefore less attention is paid to them in medicine. But in old age, this disease increases the risk of stroke, and in youth it worsens the quality of life.

Causes of pressure 200 to 80

Before turning to the reasons for increased tonometer values, it should be borne in mind that such indicators have nothing to do with the norm at any age. From a medical point of view, this condition is a hypertensive crisis and should not be stopped immediately. This event can only be carried out by specialists with medical education; the presence of high upper and lower pressure requires an immediate call to an ambulance doctor.

The causes of a dangerous condition in which there is significantly increased upper and lower pressure can be considered the presence of the following factors:

1. Any kidney diseases, especially those that are chronic.
2. The presence of congenital pathologies of the main blood vessel – the aorta.
3. Improper functioning of the thyroid gland, especially in situations where there is an increase in its functions.
4. Pregnancy with severe toxicosis, when attacks become a private companion of the expectant mother. What to do in such situations should be decided together with a gynecologist.
5. The presence of bad habits, in particular, alcoholic drinks have a detrimental effect on the tonometer readings.
6. Incorrect treatment regimen for various ailments, including hypertension itself. The patient takes medications that are ineffective for his disease in the wrong dosage.
7. The presence of tumors in the adrenal glands that have not been diagnosed.
8. Old age, at which blood vessels lose their elasticity, as a result of which the doctor diagnoses hypertension. In this case, the pressure is 200 to 80 mmHg. Art. and above will be common.

Determining the cause of high blood pressure is a primary task for the doctor, since only after this can a current treatment regimen be prescribed to stop the attacks.

First aid

If the pressure is 80/50, everyone should know what to do. First you need to lie down so that your head is lower than your lower limbs. The person is given strong black tea with sugar to ensure oxygen supply.

If a hypotensive person has lost consciousness, bring cotton wool with ammonia to his nose. When his condition becomes stable, you need to call an ambulance.

Causes

The chronic form of the disease can be a variant of the norm for certain people: athletes, residents of the tropics, highlands or the Arctic. Pressure 80/50 in women may have causes that are associated with hormonal changes during menstruation or menopause.

In these cases, hypotension is not considered a pathology. But in some cases, the disease may indicate a violation of vascular tone due to VSD or endocrine diseases, heart failure, arrhythmia.

Hypotension can also be caused by:

• Genetic predisposition;
• Impaired functioning of the cardiovascular system due to infection;
• VSD, the release of various hormones into the body (adrenaline, acetylcholine);
• Presence of internal bleeding;
• Stressful conditions, depression;
• Lack of vitamins in the body;
• Anemia, exhaustion of the body;
• Stomach ulcer, spinal osteochondrosis, tuberculosis.

Symptoms and signs

With hypotension, a person experiences unpleasant symptoms that negatively affect his quality of life. Hypotensive patients often have headaches, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and chills. Such people cannot stand loud sounds and noises, they become irritable. Other signs of developing hypotension include:

1. Muscle weakness;
2. Sensitivity to weather conditions;
3. Decreased sexual desire;
4. Frequent freezing of extremities;
5. Drowsiness, lethargy, fatigue.

How does low blood pressure manifest itself?

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130

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90

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You don't always have a tonometer at hand. But if a person feels unwell and there is a suspicion of low blood pressure, then you need to know the main symptoms of low blood pressure. A person who has low blood pressure feels lethargic, depressed, is very slow in action and finds it difficult to concentrate on any work. A person experiences difficulty with the slightest physical work and immediately feels shortness of breath and profuse sweating, this happens even when changing body position. The back of the head almost constantly hurts, and there is a lack of air (especially in stuffy rooms). The patient suffers from fainting, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. In rare cases, the limbs freeze, and sometimes they seem to go numb. Low blood pressure interferes with the normal heart rate.

Treatment

If the pressure is 80 to 50, an experienced doctor will tell you what to do. In the absence of severe pathologies, the doctor prescribes procedures that help alleviate the person’s condition. A hypotensive patient must maintain a sleep-wake schedule, regularly take walks in the fresh air, eat healthy foods, and undergo vitamin therapy. Physical activity should be moderate, you can start doing yoga.

For frequent attacks of hypotension, the doctor prescribes medications. “Tonginal” is considered a good remedy, which normalizes blood pressure and pulse. For pain in the head area, painkillers are prescribed. You can also take medications based on lemongrass or ginseng. Usually the treatment is complex; in case of complications of another disease, its therapy is carried out.

Prognosis and prevention

The prognosis of the disease is favorable. In some cases, hypotension is an individual feature of the body. It does not require special treatment as it goes away over time. Blood pressure of 80/50 during pregnancy is also an intermittent problem; usually blood pressure normalizes after childbirth. If there are pathologies in the body, the person is prescribed effective treatment. Hypotension rarely leads to strokes or heart attacks.

To normalize and improve the condition, a person must follow preventive measures, which include proper nutrition, giving up bad habits, timely treatment of the underlying disease, moderate physical activity, and walking in the fresh air. When there is a low blood pressure of 80 to 50, every hypotensive person who closely monitors their health knows what to do.

What to do?

In total, there are three degrees of hypertension, and an indicator of 140 to 80 indicates the first degree. If the pressure is 140 over 80, what should I do?

You should only worry if it persists continuously for a long time. And by immediately contacting a doctor, you can prevent the disease from developing. If such indicators are not frequent, then there is no reason to worry, and you can get by with general independent measures to improve your health.

Don't rush to take medications, you can try first:

• to refuse from bad habits;
• start going for a massage;
• eliminate junk food;
• engage in light physical activity;
• give up coffee;
• go on a diet.

Doctors also recommend:

• drink medicinal herbs;
• drink cocktails containing oxygen;
• take hydrogen sulfide baths;
• sauna.