What are the names of doctors who treat varicose veins?

A surgeon is a doctor who specializes in treating various diseases through physical intervention in the patient’s body. Typically, such pathologies cannot be cured with medication, without surgical manipulations - dressings, wound treatments, surgical interventions. The surgeon’s task is to correctly diagnose the disease, cure it and monitor the post-treatment period.

Answering the question of what a surgeon treats, we can say with confidence that there is no organ that cannot be treated surgically.

Story

The founder of surgery is considered to be Hippocrates, who wrote an entire treatise, first touching on the topic of septic complications, and spoke about the treatment of abscesses and fractures. It should be noted that many modern doctors do not agree with this prioritization, since the earlier origins of this profession are indicated by references in ancient written sources to craniotomy in Ancient Egypt, information about the invention of the first instruments in India and the works of Avicenna on the anatomical structure of man.

In the Middle Ages, despite the prohibitions of the church, the following achievements were noted in the field of radical healing:

• the Italian Lucca used the first anesthesia, in which the patient inhaled the vapor and lost consciousness without feeling pain;
• Bruno de Langoburgo described the difference between primary and secondary wound healing.

During the Renaissance, the rise of medical science brought surgery to a new level:

• Swiss physician Paracelsus introduced the use of wound treatment products;
• Ambroise Pare invented a clamp to stop bleeding and confirmed the methods of ligation of blood vessels, which the scientist Celsus spoke about in the 1st century;
• W. Harvey described the principles of blood circulation in the small and large circles.

Later, surgery developed rapidly. The basis for progress was topographical knowledge obtained from the study and description of corpses. The first operations were performed to remove the mammary gland, open the bladder, and osteoplasty the foot (N. I. Pirogov). But the most important breakthrough in science and practice began later, when the concepts of asepsis and antiseptics were introduced. Blood began to be transfused based on knowledge about her group, and most importantly, anesthesia and the science of anesthesiology appeared.

Famous Russian doctors made an invaluable contribution to world achievements in surgery:

1. F. I. Inozemtsev (19th century). He worked together with N.I. Pirogov, held the position of professor at the University of Moscow, taught anatomy and surgery.
2. N.V. Sklifosofsky (19th–20th century). He taught students in Kyiv, St. Petersburg and Moscow, dealt with the issues of treating wounds, incisions and medical instruments during operations.
3. A. A. Bobrov. He founded the Moscow school of surgeons and developed a system of techniques for excision of the gallbladder and hernia.
4. N. A. Velyaminov, academician. He had many publications on various types of pathologies and their treatment. Considered the founder of the first ambulance.
5. P. I. Tikhonov, professor. He developed surgery in Siberia and invented a method of transplanting the ureter into the lumen of the large intestine.

Causes of leg pain

Understanding the etiology of pain is the key to treating it. Possible causes of pain in the lower extremities:

1. Damage to tissues, bones, as well as the period of their healing. Cracks and small tears in the ligaments are not always noticeable.
2. In autoimmune diseases, an inadequate response occurs. Self cells are perceived as a foreign antigen. Antibodies are produced to it with the sole purpose of destroying it.
3. Some infectious diseases manifest themselves as specific pain in the legs. Leptospires have an affinity for muscle tissue, secrete toxins, and irritate pain receptors.
4. Neurology considers restless legs syndrome as one of the causes of pain in the limbs. It is characterized by unpleasant sensations at rest, mainly in the legs. The pain disappears when walking. It can be either an independent pathology or part of a generalized disease.

Description and characteristics of the profession

The profession of a surgeon is very respected and significant in the modern world. She is distinguished by high responsibility for a person’s future life. The development of science has made it possible to carry out the most complex interventions that require knowledge and ability to handle high-precision equipment.

A surgeon can work in the following medical institutions:

• clinic;
• hospital;
• sanatorium;
• dispensary;
• emergency room;
• private office or clinic;
• medical school;
• university;
• scientific organization;
• Emergency;
• Ministry of Emergency Situations;
• military unit;
• sports organizations.

At his workplace, the specialist performs radical, palliative and diagnostic operations. They can also be emergency (when the patient’s condition is critical and requires immediate intervention) and planned (carried out after preliminary preparation). Surgeons are in close contact with anesthesiologists, assistants (junior colleagues) and supervise the work of nursing staff.

Specialties, universities and Unified State Exam subjects

To obtain a specialty you should:

1. Enter a university, study there for 6 years, then successfully pass the exam, testing and interview with a commission of professors and associate professors in the specialty “General Medicine” or “Pediatrics”.
2. Serve one year in a clinic or outpatient setting.
3. Enter into residency for two years with a specialization in Surgery and complete it.

A surgeon can specialize in one of the following areas:

1. Neurosurgery (treatment of all diseases of the brain and spinal cord).
2. Plastic . Elimination of aesthetic problems.
3. Cardiac surgery . Surgeries on the heart muscle for congenital and acquired defects; restoration of coronary circulation by stenting, bypass surgery; invasive types of diagnostics.
4. Vascular . A surgeon's job is to operate on veins and arteries.
5. Abdominal . The specialist usually encounters such pathologies as appendicitis, peritonitis, perforated ulcers, bleeding of internal organs, neoplasms, intestinal necrosis, and bile duct stones.
6. Maxillofacial . Helps with abnormal development of the bones of the skull and jaw, eliminates the consequences of injuries, removes purulent foci.
7. Thoracic . The surgeon solves lung problems (tumors, calcification, foreign body in the respiratory tract, and also excises purulent and necrotic areas).
8. Oncology . Engaged in the removal of tumors of any etiology.

To enter a medical institute or university in the 11th grade, you must pass the Unified State Exam in chemistry, biology and the Russian language. If a doctor studied to be a pediatrician and wants to perform operations on adults, then he needs to take additional retraining courses.

The specialty of a surgeon can be obtained at dozens of universities in the country, for example:

1. Russian Medical University named after. N. I. Pirogova;
2. Northwestern State Medical University named after. I. I. Mechnikova;
3. Voronezh State Medical Academy named after. N. N. Burdenko;
4. Saratov State Medical University named after. V. I. Razumovsky;
5. Omsk State Medical Academy.

What does the surgeon treat?

All organs and systems of the human body are subject to surgical treatment according to indications, but in most cases the surgeon specializes in treating one organ or system.

Surgeons perform:

• Emergency operations that are performed within 2-4 hours after the patient is admitted to the hospital for life-threatening conditions. Such operations are carried out by an on-duty team without preoperative preparation and a detailed examination of the patient’s body.
• Planned operations that are performed after additional examinations and preoperative preparation in the absence of contraindications from other organs and systems.
• Urgent operations that are performed within 1-2 days after admission to the hospital if intensive conservative therapy is ineffective.
• Delayed operations, which are performed within a week after diagnosis, if the pathological process can be stopped using conservative methods.

The surgeon treats:

• inflammatory diseases of soft tissues and internal organs (peritonitis, abscesses, acute calculous cholecystitis, etc.);
• tissue necrosis (dystrophy, gangrene);
• pathologies of joints and diseases of the musculoskeletal system (bursitis, arthrosis, injuries, etc.)
• intestinal pathologies (polyposis, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, etc.);
• benign and malignant neoplasms (lipomas, hemangiomas, etc.);
• skin pathologies (papillomas, boils, ingrown nails, etc.);
• developmental defects (vestigial organs, cleft lip, etc.);
• heart and vascular defects;
• parasitic diseases (echinococcosis, complications of amebiasis, etc.);
• gynecological diseases (cysts, obstruction of the fallopian tubes, etc.);
• pathologies of the male reproductive system (prostatitis, varicocele, etc.);
• injuries to various organs, foreign bodies entering the body.

Responsibilities

Regardless of place of work and specialization, the responsibilities of a surgeon include:

• reception and examination of patients;
• conducting a conversation about the need for radical treatment and the possible risks associated with its implementation;
• collecting anamnesis of the disease and making a preliminary diagnosis;
• referral (if necessary) for research;
• establishing a final diagnosis and determining the timing of surgery;
• recommendations and control over preparation;
• conducting an intervention;
• supervising the patient until his complete rehabilitation;
• implementation of prevention of complications;
• extract and recommendations;
• maintaining medical records.

Who is the profession suitable for?

Random people do not become surgeons. Mastering this specialty requires a good memory and constant updating of knowledge. You should always be aware of all the techniques developed by previous generations and try to improve them or invent your own. In addition, it is necessary:

• be confident and make quick decisions, as the patient’s life depends on it;
• prevent undesirable developments during surgery;
• endure stress and failures, since it is not always possible to save a person’s life;
• have endurance, patience and health, since you have to stand on your feet for many hours and be completely focused;
• be able to communicate with people, find a common language with work colleagues and patients.

When should you contact a surgeon?

A consultation with a surgeon is necessary if the patient:

• complains of local pain in the spine;
• experiences joint pain or limitation in limb movements;
• experiences severe abdominal pain;
• complains of rectal prolapse, constipation, blood in the stool;
• experiencing difficulty or pain when urinating;
• feels rapid fatigue of the legs in combination with poor tolerance to physical activity;
• complains of an ingrown toenail, a protruding bone on the leg;
• suffers from varicose veins;
• suffers from a hernia;
• has birth defects;
• discovered swelling and redness of soft tissues;
• I discovered neoplasms on my body.

Patients are also referred to the surgeon with:

• various neoplasms of internal organs;
• circulatory disorders;
• surgical injuries (bruise, dislocation, fracture, rupture of internal organs, etc.);
• chronic infectious processes in the body (from abscess to sepsis);
• congenital malformations;
• complications of parasitic diseases.

Wage

A surgeon's salary depends on the following factors:

• experience;
• region of work;
• presence of a category;
• specialization;
• scientific title.

The salary range across the country ranges from 13 thousand to 250 thousand rubles. There is a great need for good specialists in Moscow and St. Petersburg; there is a large shortage of surgeons in the Krasnodar Territory. The lowest salaries are for doctors in small hospitals and outpatient clinics in the regions, and the highest are in clinics specializing in dentistry , where surgeons simultaneously deal with maxillofacial problems, treatment and prosthetics of teeth, and implantology.

How to build a career

To earn a decent salary, it is not enough to simply become a surgeon. This requires experience and career growth. In the course of their work, many accreditation specialists constantly study and carry out complex manipulations, take an active part in conferences, defend dissertations, publish their works in journals or publish books. Every five years, a special commission evaluates the number of points and the doctor’s ability to continue to practice.

Surgeons receive categories after certain periods:

• 3 or more years – second category;
• from 7 – first;
• by the 10th year of practice - the highest.

If you don’t want to, you can avoid confirming your qualifications, but for a surgeon this will have an extremely negative impact on a possible career.

Prospects for the profession

There is also the opportunity to advance further - to become the head of a department or even the chief physician. Having administrative skills and funds allows you to open a private office or even your own clinic.

Good surgeons will always be in demand. Advancement on the career ladder and increased income are facilitated by scientific activity, defense of candidate and doctoral dissertations, publications in reputable medical journals, and presentations of innovative treatment methods at conferences.

Diagnostic methods used

When the operation is planned, it is possible to examine the patient comprehensively. Therefore, in addition to the above tests, the patient may be prescribed:

• ultrasonography;
• angiography (shows the condition of the vessels);
• tomography (spiral computer or positron emission tomography) - allows you to obtain a 3D image of the bronchial tree;
• thoracoscopy (examination of the pleural area);
• magnetic resonance imaging;
• pleural puncture;
• biopsy;
• interventional sonography;
• autofluorescence bronchoscopy (examination for the presence of a tumor);
• spirography (determines the vital volume of the lungs).

Modern surgical treatment involves not only the use of a scalpel, but also the use of minimally invasive intervention methods (for example, laparoscopy), microsurgical and laser technologies. Diagnostic procedures are performed in so-called hybrid operating rooms, where modern magnetic resonance imaging scanners, fixed C-arms, and angiographic equipment are installed. This helps to significantly reduce the risk of complications by making miniature incisions or punctures during surgery.

Thanks to new technologies, the patient's stay in the hospital during the postoperative period is reduced, and the quality of surgical treatment is improved. This means that more than one life will be saved.